In the lead-up to the 1880 presidential election, 39-year-old lawyer Charles J. Guiteau eagerly distributed printed copies of a speech that endorsed his preferred candidate. Originally intended to support former President Ulysses S. Grant, the address was later altered once it became clear Grant would not secure enough votes for a third nomination.
James A. Garfield, a recently elected senator from Ohio, emerged as a compromise choice. Guiteau, convinced of the irresistible power of his speech, simply replaced Grant’s name with Garfield’s. To his delight, Garfield went on to narrowly defeat Democratic General Winfield Scott Hancock in the general election.
“I hereby make a formal application for the Austrian Mission,” Guiteau wrote to President Garfield and Secretary of State James G. Blaine. “I feel I have a right to do it on account of my services during the canvass.”
However, Garfield and Blaine had no recollection of ever meeting Guiteau. His request for a diplomatic post was ignored, planting the seeds of resentment that would later have tragic consequences.
Charles J. Guiteau’s delusional belief that Garfield owed him a reward set off the chain of events leading to one of the most infamous assassinations in American history.